How Mu H Tequlia Bucket Of Margarita

manipulation of social consciousness through the mass media

Said ARIFKHANOVA
onlinejournal.com

Information is an important part in the lives of modern men. In modern life the information becomes an increasingly significant with education and the way in which people interacts with information largely defines their level of existence.

In XXI century the possession of information and education to determine the status of a person in modern society. Along the sphere of education, information determines the scope of work and economy and influence the sphere of state policy. The manipulation of information and social consciousness in our time are becoming technology to program the behavior of people. By manipulating the company can destroy some of the ideas in the minds of people and on those ruins to build new ideas and new foundations, such as a new ideology.

systems telecommunications, conceived as an important link for sorting information, they have a leading position on the Human Environment. "The manipulation of information is similar to the disinformation ..." writes the scholar Vladimir Volkov in his "History of misinformation." He writes that the manipulation as intended destruction has three purposes: 1

. demoralize the nation through the disintegration of the groups that form it
2. discredit the authorities and their values \u200b\u200b
3. neutralize the masses in order to prevent any form of spontaneous behavior in favor of the established order, and at some point bring to power a small group of people. Another

researcher Sergey Kara-Murza, in his book, "Handling of conscience" indicates three key features of manipulation:

1. The manipulation is a type of spiritual and psychological influence when the structures of the individual mind and spirit are targeted.

2. Manipulation is a hidden influence, that must remain unknown for those affected by the manipulation.

3. An influential manipulation requires considerable skill and expertise.

In his work "The man manipulated," the researcher Herbert Franke writes as follows: "When we experience handling in most cases we have understand mental influence exercised secretly, so at the expense of those to whom it is addressed. "

According to all these studies, the manipulation of information through mass media is directed to the company. In the opinion of scientists, the handling is necessary when the State is concerned to popularize certain ideas, trying to create the ideological foundations to justify certain measures of influence. So the propaganda works directly to serve the ideological needs of the state and those who are to lead the state.

With the development of the economy and general marketing means of mass communication, information has also become a commodity, ie an article of trading, and media owners must make them attractive to the market, regardless of whether the media is primarily a social institution and only secondarily a private company. Very often, using practices borrowed from business, the owners of private media are trying to improve their product by making it more suited to the needs and demands of consumers. And consumers of this product are public. The media

recommending their services to society and each service is offered to the person to whom it is addressed.
The nature of the manipulation


a rule, the manipulation has a double impact, when along with an open message, the handler sends a coded message to the recipient that produces in his mind the images needed to manipulator. Manipulation as a technology based on the suggestion exerts its influence on people, and often succeeds in being obeyed by using their minds but not so much their feelings. The suggestion is this deep feeling in the psyche, which emerged even before the analytical thinking.

Beyond the notion of suggestion is the notion of persuasion, and these two concepts are quite different. What is the difference in principle between the suggestion and persuasion? As a rule, the suggestion is reached through a manipulative approach. It is based on human feelings. On the contrary, the conviction is based on logical foundations. When persuasion is used facts, arguments and explanations. They negotiate with the active part of the human being, which are offered a range of topics that he can understand, accept or reject. The difference, in principle, between suggestion and persuasion is the suggestion that penetrates the human consciousness and the mental sphere, establishing themselves as the passive perception of any object.

So the suggestion is the intrusion of an idea in the mind human, without the participation of its active part. The suggestion is to affect the person, not through logical conviction but directly affecting the mental realm - Planting ideas thanks to the feelings and emotions. Another difference between the suggestion and persuasion is that, at the level of psychological processes, perception is directly connected to the imagination, which recombines back items once they are fixed in memory. Because the image is less connected with the logic, it is more vulnerable and more susceptible to external influences, transforming those impressions in the mind when imagination now created mental images or perceptions. In turn, these images create emotion. Means to influence as strong social conscience, such as terrorism associated with the television for example, are based on a similar combination of imagination and feelings.

The links between terrorism and TV

observing acts of terrorism as they occur and how they are reflected in the media, we can highlight some regularity.

1. Terrorist act
2. Television
3. Influence on the feelings and the public.
4. Necessary to conduct planned
5. Turning off the TV audience common sense. Looking

, stage by stage, the influence of the terrorist act and the way it is reflected by television news programs, you can follow what happens to the fact. As a rule, the main purpose of terror is intimidate and create fear unequal. Fear will fall when the TV is a service on a terrorist attack or an abduction. It is no secret that all those who sit in front of the TV at that moment imagine that you are in the shoes of the victims of the attacks. So this leads to a natural identification of the person seen in this or that situation. In such a situation, consciousness and mind are in the grip of emotions that surround the person and reduce the critical insight. Therefore, manipulating the feelings of the public through television, terrorists, or those who are interested in that service forward, attract attention to their news. They need to remember that the person the news. In this regard, the news is retransmitted repeatedly used actively as a means to hold the attention. Features such as stability and intensity of repetition of information services are used for this purpose. In addition, other features are used television technology, including:

- the words of the presenter
- music
- archival images.

Looking once again that what happens in reality, we realize that when a person receives a message, the way it interacts with its memory is divided into two stages. At first, we have a passive storage in the subconscious and then the information is processed by the intellect. When information has strong emotional colors, is "implanted" into memory and begins to influence consciousness. As a result of repetition is remembered as this memory is involuntary, such as advertising that is often remembered quickly and without noticing.

News

argument of BE Kretov in political communication a special place is occupied by the Exchange of information between government and governed have the necessary consensus for the decisions of government while those who are governed are trying to feel their needs and make them public. These two parties can reach consensus with only communication - the exchange of information. To achieve unity with the people, the authorities are seeking through the media to plant their ideas in the people, consistent with their interests. Conflicts and contradictions are inevitable in such a structure of society, because the press focuses on democratic freedom, glasnost, and debates on human rights, while the army and the police focus on discipline, secrecy, security and patriotism, or talk about the need to use force.

Returning to the issue after the September 11, 2001, an atmosphere of fear of terrorist attacks has been widespread across the planet through the mass media. As a result, in every country in the world, state control over the mass media has increased as a justification of the idea of \u200b\u200b"national security".

manipulation always presumed audience - representatives of the company. The representatives of society, influenced by different services, they become part of the masses and in the process of transformation from separate individuals to "collective madness" aggregate characteristics of the masses:

1. The trend toward the depersonalization - the individual is canceled by the mass consciousness under the influence of the drives.
2. Prevalence of the senses on the conscience - the intellect is overwhelmed by feelings and instincts.
3. It lowered both the intellect and moral values.
4. The level of responsibility falls heavily.

All these signs make the group of people who are particularly vulnerable and susceptible to manipulation by various authorities.

Information aesthetics and semantics

All information in turn can be divided into two groups: information aesthetic and semantic information. Information aesthetics is not subject to logic and calls for a certain state of mind - emotions and reactions instead of a reflection of reality.
More stable, creates an atmosphere in human consciousness. Any information that aesthetics is not addressed to the understanding but the suggestion, so it can easily become an instrument of abuse.
The semantic information, or notional as it is often called, is based on persuasion and interest and is addressed to the logic and common sense. This had an important role in political activities before the active involvement of media in politics. The developments are evaluated by methods of semantic information, through the analytical perception - experts say.

In a practical sense the authorities prefer the aesthetics on that semantic information because it is able to prepare actions that contradict the logic and the real state of things that can sometimes be invisible elite that holds power. It 'a kind of phenomenon that depends on whether the information is not targeted to the aesthetic understanding, but the suggestion of stable symbols through the use of different effects.

Since the mass media as a social institution has the prestige of being an official source of information, have a high level trusted by a wide audience and hopefully provide an information evaluation. This information evaluation lead to the creation of public opinion. If in a practical sense, the release is based on the wave semantics, the potential uses his TV audio and video affecting the aesthetic perception of the public consciousness. Television is the most important tool of political influence on the public because of its technical objective. The principles of aesthetics

television

Television is composed of a mosaic of images that represent the entire planet in the form of services that are not connected by a logical link monosemantico. The services that come in the mind of the viewer break the general dispersion of the puzzle and they try to merge them into a set semantics. The text read by the presenter is taken as a truism, because of the prestige of the very special TV media as an institution. If the presenter reads the text on the background of video images recorded on the scene of action, that text is taken as absolute truth.

In view of the fact that television has the confidence of the common people, it is difficult to critically evaluate a person other than a development. This happens because the information in the form of aesthetic audio and video stream is logically constructed. There is no substance, no argument, or a context that makes sense in the flow if it is not added by the presenter.

Encoding Manipulation of the service goes unnoticed by the mass audience because the difference between reality and its interpretation is almost untouchable while the distortion of reality is inevitable. In this case, the information services are made through the repetition, fragmentation, urgency and sensationalism. In addition, the prevailing lack of alternative sources of information, the presentation of unique information and concealing of alternative news. Consequently, it creates a virtual reality instead of reflecting the true reality.

The technique to isolate the receiver from other influences is often used together to simplify the presentation of news and use of social stereotypes and metaphors.

The language of handling

It is assumed that the journalists of the media use language "correctly". This means that a language is "correct" for the TV is used by the presenter reads the text given to him by a publisher, who in turn works on material produced by a journalist as suggested by Chapter. So the news is "created" at the television station. With the help of words and the video is always created an environment of service, which can be changed, simplified or made more complicated. Such manipulation is closely linked to the nature of human perception. Humans by nature are attracted by the simplistic explanations. There is a certain characteristic of human consciousness that sets all new information according to stereotypes. The method of simplification is to help the manipulator to demonstrate the important idea that should be recommended to the public by using a concise, strong and impressive - the assertion. As a rule, the public gets the good news without thinking.

Another important method for reinforcing stereotypes in the mind is repetition. Repetition gives the news an assertive additional feature, in other words, makes a fixed idea, an idea that incites to action. The technology is based precisely on this propaganda technique repetitive. The urgency of the service helps to have a strong influence on the public, increasing the opportunities for manipulation. The technique of breaking the service involves the loss of meaning and integrity.

fact made more importance and originality is artificially distorted by its importance. The news is attacked in an artificial manner a touch of sensationalism. This is usually done so under the guise of sensationalism is a hidden development, that the public should not know. Very often, the sensationalism is used to put an end to a scandal or a psychosis when we need to distract public attention. In many countries where the fate of the state are decided by the victory of a party rather than another, it depends on how convincing is the program of the candidate but from what he was good at organizing the media show. The possibilities for a candidate to win the election depends on being able to be the focal point of the media campaign.

Then there are the official and non-news. The official news generally support the existing allocation of forces and reflect the views of the structures power in a given society at any given time. The news is not official are those that come from the opposition forces. Radically different from the official reports, unofficial ones that stir the balance of forces. For the purposes of propaganda in the information asymmetry is used as the official ideology in any society is opposed to the unofficial.

There is also an asymmetry in the coverage, when a phenomenon is followed in its entirety while another is left unsaid. In everyday life we \u200b\u200bcan all realize that an event has a positive and another negative coverage. In this sense we see that the asymmetry in information gradually disappear and people become accustomed to an interpretation of part: positive or negative. As a result of qualitative and quantitative analysis performed on the press in Uzbekistan, the author of this research has revealed the main technologies used. In a qualitative sense, this work aims to study the technologies for the manipulation - the use of metaphors, stereotypes and repetitions. In quantitative terms, we calculated the precise amount of clichés used repeatedly.

To review information sites Uzbeks were chosen sites of news agencies "Turkiston Press" and "UzA" and the newspaper "Slovo Narodnoye. This examination has shown the information presented is biased. The materials chosen do not have the appropriate restraint to the presentation of news. All developments are treated predominantly positive. Because of the repetition effect is produced by taxation of ideas and journalism part.

addition, concealment of information sources and use of technology without ever giving the previously mentioned real names, for example, "foreign sponsors" or "certain Western politicians." It is also used metaphors such as these: "certain dark forces", "thieves who have sold the land for a song", "villains provoking" the dark forces are lurking and waiting for their turn. " Very often completely polarized, positive metaphors apparently are used on others. These different features separate people into "good" and "bad" and highlight the orientation of a particular propaganda publication. There are more neutral information about the agency of the press "Turkiston Press" because its approach differs from that of the other two cited publications. We can say that the information is presented in a more professional in terms of impartiality.

read passages from various printing services you can see the attempt of stereotyping, standardize and simplify the development. However very often the publications that have opinions and express them through different trends that address their journalists to the public.

The professionalism of the journalists time to check the quality of the material offered after taking into consideration its authenticity and nuances of the events can not always guarantee a high level of trust from the public regarding the sources of information.
The correspondence between what is published and information to create the standard criteria - including the efficiency, objectivity, authenticity and expression of its review, regardless of the political conditions are an institution in which the media can be trusted, an ideal to fight for. For the moment one of the biggest problems is self-censorship by journalists present in a given fact. There are facts on which the publication gives an assessment of its own, based on expert opinion and from the lips of these experts requires "correct interpretation" and presents a false objectivity to the public using the analysis method distorted.

The public generally expects evaluative information by the media. This is explained by the fact that the mass media as a social institution enjoying the prestige of being an official source of information, which the masses trust. This examination has shown that there are also quotations from anonymous sources and authoritative which suggest the idea of \u200b\u200bconcealment of a story and then create a virtual reality rather than a reflection of the truth.

Important conclusions

examining the publications of some of the media in Uzbekistan, you can identify what are the different manipulative techniques used more frequently

-
stereotyping - "bias" the flow of information
- Isolate receptor from other influences - lack of alternative sources of information;
- Partial concealment of information
- Services built using professional terminology;
- Trivializing
-
Standardize - Repeat

Among the special manipulative techniques we find the asymmetric information and asymmetric coverage. In this case we can also see the use of metaphors, fixed on authoritative sources and often anonymous, the use of methods to combat stereotyping and false analogy and services.

The material used by the media is not always from the professional point of view of the passions of the individual journalist and the desire to express their views. Very often, trusting the opinions of experts, provides a publication a partial assessment and partly on a specific event. Taking into account the fact that the techniques for manipulation are becoming more sophisticated, the company needs to appeal to the sense of social responsibility of journalists themselves and their compliance with the ethics of journalism as the basis of the professionalism of a journalist. Since the mass media produce information, entertainment and education for the public, they should seek to match the image represented by progressive and innovative social institution, which provides information that is as objective as possible and efficient. Journalists must try to refrain from making comments in favor of this or that party, trying to be balanced and avoid giving extreme ratings on real situations.

Avoid using expressions of extremist propaganda and stereotyping means that the source of information merits confidence. The presence of authoritative sources and anonymous rule out any alternative interpretation of the news. Consequently, a certain stereotype is consolidated in the minds of the public. According

qualitative and quantitative analysis, as a publication seeks to adhere to international standards, the less motivated to use manipulative technologies to attract the attention of readers.

proportional to the growth of liability journalism to society, not just in front of the publishers, also increases the demand for professionalism in journalism.

Currently the media liberals are considered socially responsible institution. At the same time, as children are the links of the media, the less will be used as an instrument of influence on the minds of his audience. So the economic independence of the media is of great importance. The company, in protecting their own interests, should appeal more to the social responsibility of journalists and their professionalism and their compliance with the ethics of journalism as fundamental principles of professionalism di un giornalista.

Saida Arifkhanova, giornalista e ricercatrice residente in Uzbekistan.
Fonte: http://onlinejournal.com
Link: http://onlinejournal.com/artman/publish/article_6485.shtml
22.10.2010

Traduzione per www.comedonchisciotte.org a cura di NIKLAUS47

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How Does Th Camera Make U Look Smaller

Neuromarketing in the United States. Advertising for the brain

OF Saul Landau Progreso Semanal


The long recession has reduced power consumption, as he will, now, the "business community" (an oxymoron, as each company tries to destroy its competitors) to sell his crap to the people who fired, or potential buyers? Advertisers - the vanguard of the "business community" - must somehow bring the "market" to those customers, no money, no credit (idioti!). Spokesmen for the right of the "business community" have fired the workers who once defined hard-working, and now qualify as lazy crooks of social security, while marketers are still trying to figure out how to sell the latest sugary stuff - sorry, 's essential to healthy product with chemical preservatives and flavor additives.

After all, Americans, conditioned by decades of sensory bombardment, they expect to buy new products will bring happiness to Earth and seek to buy even the salvation for the hereafter.

my wife's grandmother has donated money to a TV preacher, dressed in a stark pimp outfit. The Elmer Gantry television has assured the grandmother that God would reward her for her contribution to the cause.

lay preacher tempt us: buy this iPhone, improve your life. Focus groups and consumer surveys to conduct research on products to find out which color makes it more pleasant toothpaste, or the best text to transform the Ex-Lax [1] into something sweet and pleasant. As if ...

Companies like Google, GM [2], Campbell Soup and CBS [3] investing in science and technology to manipulate the brain to send messages to the hands that sign the credit card receipts.

The new "hidden persuaders" (see "The hidden persuaders" by Vance Packard, published half a century ago) implies that the New York Times called "delivering advertising that whisper to the brain" (Natasha Singer, November 13). The "neuromarketing" can sell "dog poop" new and improved "substitute for Botox," eliminate wrinkles and skin abbronzerà "if he comes to the brain. The neuromarketing

mocks consumer surveys and focus group "inherently inaccurate." Since the brain uses "only 2% conscious of its energy in the activity, and the rest is largely devoted to unconscious processes, participants can never express the unconscious impressions that stimulate the desire for certain products. "

According to Dr. AK Pradeep, through electronic patch can monitor the level of the subconscious brain, "the area where the initial interest in developing consumer products, the propensity to purchase and brand loyalty." (Founder and CEO of NeuroFocus, Berkeley, California).

NeuroFocus his fellow volunteers to EEG sensors [4] and to an apparatus for detecting eye movement. Volunteers are exposed to advertising and film previews. The "researchers", compare, then the pattern of brain waves with video images or logos that volunteers see "to measure attention, emotion and memory," says Pradeep. "Basically, we compare the response to stimulation of the deep subconscious." By analyzing these electrical patterns, he says, "will be representing the responses of the brain."

The flourishing "business whispers of the brain" has created new "neuro-marketing firms, such as International and Mindlab Neurosense," specializing in the latest techniques of data mining of the mind - EEG (electroencephalogram NDT), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, eye-tracking-or older biometric methods that record the responses of skin, muscle or facial products or in advertising. "

Large companies disappointed by the sales techniques, in a time when consumers are re-educated their buying habits, investing in research on patterns of brain waves, hoping to keep consumers in the outhouse. They will arrive to do some crime to satisfy their habits? This "brainwashing" - the most market-brainwashing attempts to weaken the defense mechanisms of adults to make it more difficult to discern the difference between truth and lies.

"But," says Jeff Chester of the Center for Digital Democracy, which works to ensure the privacy of digital, "if the advertising is aimed to circumvent the rational argument, it must be doubted, too, the traditional legal defenses that protect advertising market. " (The New York Times, November 13).

Dr. Pradeep disagrees. "If convinced to buy the toothpaste A instead of B, will not lose much, but if you persuade them to vote for the President to the President or B, the consequences could be far more important."

Scientists at the Neuromarketing "are able to distinguish whether the emotional response of a person is positive or negative, "said Dr. Robert T. Knight (professor of psychology and neuroscience at the University of California at Berkeley, and chief scientific adviser to NeuroFocus), but fortunately has not yet perfected the techniques that define whether "the positive response is intimidation or diversion." Knight added that " can be measured only if you are paying attention. " And "the technique has yet to demonstrate that the responses of the brain waves are related to marketing to purchasing behavior." Again?

neuromarketing is a trend that requires further mental gymnastics that combines high technology with the banality of the sale. We are still the largest country in world history. Now we spend more money on breast implants and Viagra for research on Alzheimer's. This is a sign of the future.

ridiculed as the late George Carlin: "By 2020 there will be a large elderly population with huge tits Florida and erections, but that will have completely forgotten what they do."



TRANSLATOR'S NOTES [1] Known laxative

[2] General Motors

[3] An acronym for Columbia Broadcasting System

[4] electroencephalographic

Original title: "The neuropublicidad en EE.UU. Anuncios the cerebro "

Source: http://www.visionesalternativas.com.mx
Link
01.12.2010

Translation for www.comedonchisciotte.org by MONICA FERRARI
Link: http: / / www.comedonchisciotte.org/site/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=7789

Whatcauses White Spots On Dogs Nose

and revised by advice on how to fill schools

The area was used by the student handbook. Indeed, to be fair, "the toolbox student 'is ready to be placed in the hands of those who, as reported in the preface to the text signed by the Young Communists, the Communist youth group of the PRC, "want affect the dynamics within that gravitate around the world of school. " A toolbox that contains neither hammer, let alone tongs but, as the preface continues, "respond with immediacy to the needs of cognitive student representatives of those who make policy in a collective, of those who would create one and do not know like, and live the school an uncomfortable, but can not express it. " Paragraphs seven, nine pages, a title that invites' to study and struggle "and a logo of the PRC on display. Such is the handbook that explains what are the organs of the Collegiate school, how they work the meetings, said the rights and obligations listed in the statute Women students and students but, more importantly, explains how a collective crare student how to organize a defense or an event and, even more interesting, as occupying a school without the risk of being sued. In short, a sly ode to disobedience.

"The occupation itself as one of the methods of mobilization and protest most widely used over the years by students' reads the note. He continues: "Take possession of the Institute, however, compèorta risks and responsibilities required of students engaged in the mobilization. to specify that any impacts are not traced in any way to representatives of the Institute or the Collective present in itself, which are not legally responsible for the action of protest. " The Young Communist inciting protest but at the same time looking to the legal holds not fall victim to their protests.

So on one hand are the list of possible offenses as "the invasion of land or buildings (art. 633 cp) and the interruption of an office or public service or a necessary public service (Article . 340 cp), "the other report in which to appeal the sentences:" By decision of 30 March 2000 the Second Chamber of the Court of Cassation has intervened on this point stating that "art is not applicable. 633 occupations student because this rule is intended to punish only the arbitrary invasion of buildings and not any kind of illegal occupation. (...) The school building, while also appartenedo the state, not a reality alien to students who are not just frequetatori, but active subjects of the school community and are therefore considered not to be limited right to set their own access to the school building in the hours when the sun is scheduled school activity in the strict sense "." And if something goes wrong, no problem. "The Young Communist League, as stated at the end of the paragraph, offer legal assistance to students who request it. "

Alessandro Bertasi

Link: http://www.iltempo.it/politica/2010/12/21/1225456-rifondazione_consigli.shtml

Shower With Tiffany Bracelet?

The march toward war: the 11 September 2001 began World War III? Li

Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya - 20/12/2010

Source: eurasia

The tragic attacks of 11 September 2001 have resulted in almost ten years of perpetual war. September 11, 2001 was the first shot, or the opening salvo of a much wider conflict. The deployment of U.S. and NATO troops in Afghanistan has secured a bridgehead in the Eurasian Heartland, geographically located on or near the borders of Iran, China, India, Pakistan, Russia and the former Soviet republics of Central Asia.

Afghanistan is the Battle of the opening of a global war? The invasion of Afghanistan is like landing of the Western Allies, especially the Americans, in North Africa as a bridgehead in Italy and Europe. At the same time, NATO has been driven from Europe to the Eurasian Heartland, as the landing of the Allied invasion forces in western France.

On 11 September 2001 began World War III?
Historically speaking, it should be noted that the distinctions between wartime and peace are not always clear and conflicts do not always correspond to the dates indicated and standardized by historians. The war was not declared in the case of many past conflicts, as in the beginning of 1700, when Augustus II of Saxony-Poland invaded Livonia or when Frederick IV of Denmark invaded Holstein-Gottorp. Moreover, in the case of many conflicts, attempts were always made to cover or conceal the nature of the conflict as a war or act of aggression. The Romans and the other imperial powers were regularly engaged in such conduct.
The examples given in the story are historical abstract commonly used by historians to record major points of the Second World War and the beginning of the Cold War. In Western Europe and North America, the departure date for the Second World War is considered to September 1, 1939, when Germany invaded Poland. For the former Czechoslovakia, March 16, 1939 (the date when Germany invaded Czechoslovakia) is the date of commencement of the Second World War. In Russia and the former Soviet Union, the start date of the Second World War in 1941, when the Germans invaded the Soviet Union. The date of the end of World War II in Europe is different, because he has run Germany officially surrendered to the Western Allies (in particular the United States, Britain and France) on 8 May 1945 and the Soviet Union on 9 May 1945.
The above dates are all seen from a perspective Eurocentric, excluding Asia. The history of World War II begins much earlier in Asia. Many believe that the beginning of World War II was when Japan invaded China in the Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937, two years before 1939. Even before 1937, since 1931 the Chinese and Japanese were in conflict and 1931 can also be seen as the beginning of World War II.
Various dates and events for the beginning of the Cold War also change as a result of the identification of various events such as saving for the beginning of the Cold War. The US-Soviet power in 1945 on employment in the Korean Peninsula, the crisis in Azerbaijan (1947-1948) caused by the Soviet occupation of Iranian provinces, the near victory of the Communists in national elections in France and Italy (1947-1948), the power struggle between the Communists and the non-communist Czechoslovakia (1947-1948 ), and Block of West Berlin (1948-1949) are also considered as starting dates for the Cold War. Even the events that take place during the Second World War, as the Yalta Conference, the Conference of Tehran and the atom bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan, by President Harry Truman, as a threat to the Soviets (the primacy of U.S. post-war order) are considered the start date of the War Cold.
This question about the dates also gives rise to another point in history. The nature of the story is seamless and is not arbitrary that unintentionally made by historians and history books. A series of events leads to another. Just as the First World War led to the Second World War and the Second World War led to the Cold War and the Cold War led to the " global war on terrorism .
The point is that, in retrospect, dates and historical events are defined by people in the future, and that sometimes people need to go back to see the big picture.
NATO and the Anglo-American invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq are clearly linked to 11 September 2001. These events are also related to military threats against Iran and Syria, tensions in Lebanon and East Africa, as well as threats to U.S. and NATO against China and Russia. In this regard, future historians will say that the third world war could be started on 11 September 2001 or that the tragic events of 11 September 2001 were the prelude to World War III.

Revelations from the U.S. media about the origin of the Israel-Lebanon War 2006: We are a world war?
As a note on the topic if the third world war is in progress, media observers of the United States Media Matters for America noticed that most of the mainstream media claimed that the U.S. was in the middle of a global war in the days following the start of the Israeli war against Lebanon. Media Matters for America what he had reported July 14, 2006:
" Recently, the issue of 13 July [2006] of 'The O'Reilly Factor' of Fox News, Bill O'Reilly hosted saying that" the third world war ... I think we have inside. " Similarly, 13 July [2006] edition of MSNBC's Tucker, graphics read: "We are on the eve of World War III?" As Media Matters for America noted that housed CNN Headline News, Glenn Beck, who began the its program of 12 July [2006] with a discussion with former CIA agent Robert Baer, \u200b\u200bsaying "we have to fight World War III", while also warned to "prevent the apocalypse." Beck el '[ex] Robert Journal Baer had a similar discussion on July 13 [2006], in which Beck said: "I know absolutely that we need to prepare ourselves for World War III. And 'here . "[1]
mainstream media serve as a means of economic and political elite. They fall in the task of disseminating and supporting the domestic and foreign policy of the state. In this sense, the mainstream media are an essential component of the military-industrial-financial-media to help form the point of view of what the sociologist C. Wright Mills has called mass society.
It 'clear that a scenario was possible World War III in 2006. The Israeli attack on Lebanon could be extended to Syria. This would have seen the Iranian intervention, which would see the United States and NATO go to war as combatants, to come aid in Tel Aviv. This would lead to a dangerous scenario for the global war caused by the Middle East, which will be discussed later.
The dangers of a military intervention by the United States and NATO are very real. The Pentagon had planned to launch the NATO invasion of Lebanon, which would include sending U.S. Marines to fight the Lebanese resistance. This was also confirmed by Alain Pellegrini, the former military commander of ' Interim Force in Lebanon United Nations (UNIFIL), in an interview with the daily As-Safir .

The valleys and mountains of Afghanistan, only the beginning of " long war "
The Weekly Standard, the month following 11 September 2001, came menacingly to illustrate the broader future military campaigns in an editorial by Robert Kagan and William Kristol, published October 29, 2001:
" When all is said and done, the conflict in Afghanistan will be for the war on terrorism what the North Africa campaign was to World War II: a beginning essential on the path to victory. But what flashes on the horizon - a great war from Central Asia to the Middle East and, unfortunately, back in the United States - Afghanistan will prove to be the battle start . "[2]
L ' editor of the Weekly Standard , as expected, went to state clearly that the war will operate from multiple fronts developed to become or resemble " Clash of Civilizations" , the model of post conflict Cold War-outlined by Samuel P. Huntington:
" The war will not end in Afghanistan. Will spread and engulf a number of countries in conflicts of varying intensity. It may also require the use of U.S. military power in multiple places simultaneously. Resemble the clash of civilizations that everyone has hoped to avoid. And it will make a significant and perhaps unbearable strain on parts of an international coalition that basks in contented consensus . "[3]
In 2001, Robert Kagan and William Kristol, were well aware of the conflagration of war in Eurasia. Both were U.S. politicians who knew what direction to foreign policy of the Member U.S. would lead the U.S. military. After all, Kristol and Kagan were associated with Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld, Paul Wolfowitz by the political think-tank Project for a News American Century (PNAC), which had outlined the roadmap for global military " a New American Century .

World War III on the horizon?
Since the invasion of Afghanistan controlled by the Taliban, the war has spread from Central Europe to Africa, the Middle East, Pakistan and the Caucasus. What looms on the horizon? The "Global War on Terror" is another name for the "Great Game?"
The "Great Game" for control of the whole of Eurasia, Eastern Europe and the Middle East to Central Asia, is course. International tensions are mounting. in Eurasia and the world's geopolitical rivalry between the United States-led military alliance and counter-blockade of the Russian-Chinese-Iranian alliance.
There are a number of fronts that can trigger a global war, but in the Middle East is the greatest risk. If the Israeli attacks in 2006 threatened to lead to global war, an attack on Iran What to bring? A US-Israeli attack against Iran and its allies could develop quickly into a global war with the use of nuclear weapons.

* Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya is a research associate at the Center for Research on Globalization (CRG).

NOTES [1] " Right-wing media Divided: Is U.S. now in World War III, IV, or V? "Media Maters for America, July 14, 2006: http://mediamatters.org/research/200607140017
[2] Robert Kagan and William Kristol," The Gathering Storm, "The Weekly Standard, October 29, 2001, p.13.
[3] Ibid.

Source: Global Research , 11:12:10

LINK: http://www.ariannaeditrice.it/articolo.php?id_articolo=36385

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accuses the state, defends them The CIA

Antonio Marafioti - 20/12/2010

Source: Peace Reporter [Source tab]

Some former U.S. government officials revealed an agreement secrecy under which the CIA will pay legal Jim Mitchell and Bruce Jessen: the inventors of waterboarding. One form of torture.

Some former U.S. government officials have unveiled a secret agreement by which the CIA has undertaken to cover, $ 5 million, legal fees of the two inventors of waterboarding, a form of controlled drowning for the purposes of interrogation. A story that promises to bring a lot about U.S. citizens for two reasons. The first is that the Central Intelligence Agency financially support the defense of two psychologists, Jim Mitchell and Bruce Jessen , which more Once implemented that, to date, is considered a real form of torture . The second is that the money for the defense team of two contractors, are entirely public, and therefore also that segment of taxpayers who object to such brutal practices.

For them to give you even add insult, considering that Mitchell and Jessen benefit from a special promise of compensation "which is structured differently than the insurance clauses signed by CIA agents. Normally, the officers of the intelligence service are obliged to maintain insurance, from about $ 300 a year to receive in exchange for a maximum coverage of $ 1 million. Currently the agency is responsible to pay full premiums for most of its 007 even though, after the most acute phase of the struggle of former President George W. Bush against international terrorism, officials were forced to pay half the bill. None of this has touched the two psychologists who have obtained, although not simple agents, but consultants, a net coverage, paid only by the CIA and not by insurance equal to two and a half times that of a normal agent.

on their company, Mitchell, Jessen & Associates , how about some officials of the CIA and other companies, the Prosecutor is investigating the Department of Justice, John Durham that, in the coming weeks, you may request the opening of a criminal trial. The charge would be torture, since, in addition to having created the waterboarding, the Mitchell Jessen what would be involved in more than one case the method used to interrogate terrorist suspects being held in secret CIA prisons. The two psychologists have trained for years, thousands of military officers, teaching them to withstand the most severe interrogation techniques.

After September 11, 2001, the two managed, drawing on a lot of experience, to devise, and sell to the Pentagon, a program to insengnare to interrogate prisoners. The methods included bulging physical and psychological techniques, such as forcing the prisoner to nudity, forced to take painful positions to increase his level of stress, deprived of sleep and, of course, subject them to waterboarding. The technique, according to documents released by CIA officials, is to "tie a detainee to a bench alzandogli feet above his head. This is immobilized as the questioner puts a cloth over her mouth and nose of the prisoner, pouring water on cloth in a controlled manner. The flow of air - said the document - is limited to 20-40 seconds, and the technique produces a feeling of suffocation and drowning. "

Waterboarding, orderly and defended, for their admission, both former President Bush and his deputy, Dick Cheney , was used in an excessive way, the two psychologists on different figures suspected of having links with al-Qaida. Only during the interrogation of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed , who confessed his involvement in the massacre of 11 September, waterboarding was used 183 times.
The tolerance of human physical is not more than twenty minutes per session.

Source: http://www.ariannaeditrice.it/articolo.php?id_articolo=36390

Spend Xmas In Vermont

XM25 'Super Rifle' - The Pentagon's Latest Toy That Will not Do Anything to Avoid Disaster in Afghanistan

Introducing the new super-weapon That will change absolutely nothing about why we're losing in Afghanistan.

By Gary Brecher, AlterNet
Posted on December 18, 2010, Printed on December 20, 2010

If you didn’t know better, you’d get all excited reading about the Army’s new shoulder-fired cannon, the XM-25. It’s being hyped as a “game-changing” weapon that will literally blow the Taliban out of their hiding places and turn the tide in Afghanistan.

The XM25 is the kind of weapon a kid likes to dream about. It’s basically a “smart,” user-friendly shoulder-fired grenade launcher. It shoots 25mm fragmentation grenades that explode at a pre-set distance. And you don’t need to be a math prof to calculate the distance; the weapon talks to itself, the laser sight basically telling the round when it has to explode.

So suppose I’m a soldier trying to deal with a sniper firing from behind a window in an Iraqi city, or popping up from behind some adobe wall, irrigation ditch or boulder in Afghanistan. In that situation you could blast away all day with a pure line-of-sight weapon like a typical automatic rifle, and you’d just make a lot of dust without hitting anybody.

What you need in a situation like that—and it’s a very common situation in war, especially urban or mountain war, and we’re fighting both at the moment—is a weapon that can kill an enemy who’s behind cover. If we were fighting in a wood-frame battlefield, like say an American suburb, you wouldn’t need to worry about this so much, because American walls and doors are very thin and most modern rifle rounds will go right through them. But Iraqi and Afghan houses are built of thick mud or concrete. They make pretty good cover for a sniper.

So instead of trying to shoot through the wall, you want to get an air burst of some kind through the window, or over the boulder or whatever it is the enemy’s behind. There are all kinds of ways to do that, and most of them involve lobbing an explosive round over the wall. Armies have been doing this for centuries. A catapult is designed to handle an enemy behind a wall, by lobbing its load over the wall into the enemy town. A siege mortar is designed to lob a shell over a fort’s walls into the enemy’s ranks. A hand grenade can be lobbed the same way at short range, and for longer range you could use the U.S. Army’s standard grenade launcher, the M203.

You’ll notice all these are small arms, very “light” weapons in military terms. When a first-world army wants to wipe out an enemy city without taking casualties themselves, they just call in the artillery, like the Russians did in Grozny in Chechnya, or air strikes like we did in Fallujah. If these first-world armies really wanted to use their full firepower, they could just nuke whole Afghan mountains or Iraqi cities.

But they don’t. That’s not what this generation of warfare is usually like. These are colonial wars, like the ones the British fought on the same territories, Iraq and Southern Afghanistan, and like the Brits we’re fighting them at a low level, basically small arms. So what you want is a small arm (a weapon that can be carried and fired by one or two soldiers) with the firepower of artillery. That’s what the XM25 is supposed to provide. It looks like a stubby shotgun, which it is, basically. What separates it from your home-defense 12-gauge is the rounds it fires and the aiming system. The standard round is an explosive 25mm shell. When it explodes, it sprays deadly metal strips in a room-sized sphere pattern. If you’re in a room where one detonates, you’re dead.

Of course that wouldn’t mean much if those shells just hit the adobe wall or boulder where the sniper’s hiding, it wouldn’t have much effect. That’s where the laser sight and computer ranging come into play. The XM25’s laser sight measures the distance to the target and lets the soldier set his rounds to explode before, on, or (most likely) behind the target. So, if you’re trying to kill a sniper in an Iraqi house, you set the shells to explode one meter inside the window. The sniper (and anybody else in the room) gets riddled with white-hot metal fragments. If you’re dealing with a half-dozen Taliban firing from behind an irrigation ditch at a patrol that’s just left their village, you set the 25 mm rounds to burst above and behind them. Even if they’re well-shielded from direct fire, they’re dead.

That’s the hype, anyway, the story being peddled by media whores like Rick Sanchez, who did a gee-whiz story on the XM25 a while back.

My basic rule is that if Rick Sanchez said that water is wet, I’d start to doubt it, so I’ve got a couple of doubts about this story. First, it’s very hard to tell if the XM25 works as well as we’re hearing, because U.S. armed forces procurement is a big, sleazy business and involves more lies and propaganda than Stalin’s show trials ever generated. There are proven cases of Army officers working with contractors from the big weapons companies to rig tests to make new weapons systems look good. If you take a look at this recent video of the XM25 putting on a show for the tame media, you’ll see what I mean.

Most people have no idea how to read a video like this, so here are a few pointers to make you a smarter shopper next time you need to buy a weapons system. First, you’ll notice that the reporters are told what’s going to happen by Col. Tamilio, the Army’s public-relations honcho for the new weapon. And he tells them, “You’re not going to see anything” because the XM25 is firing dummy rounds, training rounds, non-explosive. After the soldier handling the weapon fires two rounds, Tamilio tells them the test went “two-for-two,” but they’re taking his word for it. All they actually saw was a guy shooting the thing twice.

Next, notice that after the first round is fired, a civilian in a baseball cap comes up, tinkers with the XM25, and whispers something in the shooter’s ear. I’d bet my lunch that’s a consultant from the companies that produced the XM25, telling the shooter how to baby the weapon to make it look good. You have to realize that in a lot of American high-tech businesses, everything from hip-replacement surgery to weapons testing, a lot of the the hands-on work is done not by doctors or soldiers but by industry guys who never get mentioned in the official reports. So this is not a combat-style firing by an ordinary GI; not only does the shooter have industry help right over his shoulder, but the shooter is identified as a major, and you can bet he was hand-picked for this demonstration.

It’s a matter of money—big money. Defense contracts are the sweetest you can imagine, which is why defense contractors bribe the hell out of everybody from congressmen to foreign dictator’s nephews to get them to buy. If you want a classic example of what defense procurement sleaze looks like, take a look at the career of former congressman Randy “Duke” Cunningham, now better known as “Federal Inmate Cunningham.” There are thousands of lobbyists and “consultants” who spend their whole lives greasing the Federal procurement process. Naturally the weapons nuts who follow news like the XM25 don’t have a clue about this stuff, but the real grownups in DC pay very close attention to it.

The XM25 has a typical history for a big-money American weapons system. By the time suckers like Rick Sanchez get brought to the proving range to see it shown off, this weapons system has been through a career as sleazy as Duke Cunningham’s. It all starts when one or more of the Armed Services comes up with a “need” for a new weapon. In this case, Plan A was a fantasy weapon called OICW, “Objective Individual Combat Weapon,” that would combine the power of an automatic rifle and a grenade launcher. That program failed , and was split into two parts: one for a new rifle to replace the M4, and another for a rapid-firing grenade launcher, Program XM29, which ended up with the XM25 . Along the way, the program ran into more corporate and political interference than you can imagine, especially because some of the competitors were foreign companies. Colt Industries, the company that makes the current M203 grenade launcher, actually called in a rule that the Defense Department had to use American corporations in certain cases, so they could get a piece of the procurement pie.

That’s pretty standard Defense contractor behavior: if you’re losing out to a foreign competitor, and you can’t just bribe some tool like Rep. Cunningham to step in on your side, then play the “Buy American!” card.

Sometimes good weapons come out of all this sleaze, sometimes not. And even when the results are good, you can count on the fact that some contractor who loves to wave the flag made some obscene profits by gold-plating the winning weapons system, loading it up with expensive options. It’s not hard when the armed-services officers in charge of signing off on the money know they can go right to work for the contractor as soon as they retire.

So maybe, just maybe, the XM25 will do what it’s supposed to do. But even if it does, it won’t be a “game-changer” in either of our wars, because irregular wars like Iraq and Afghanistan aren’t decided by superior weaponry. If they were, we’d already have won both those wars about a million times over. The Taliban use old Soviet AK rifles and rocket-propelled grenade launchers, and get to battle on foot or bouncing along in the back of Toyota pickups. But in spite of this humongous gap between our tech and theirs, the senior British commander in Afghanistan went on record in 2008 saying the Taliban will not be defeated militarily --and he should know, because the Brits have been fighting the Pashtun irregulars for two centuries now.

Let’s take the best-case scenario and say that this new weapon, the XM25, makes every American infantry squad so lethal that the Taliban and the Iraqi insurgents lose a huge number of men and can’t afford stand-up fights any more. What that would do is force an accelerated evolution in the same direction guerrilla war’s been evolving for more than 100 years: away from trying to fight the invading army on its own terms and toward assassination, bombs, betrayal—all the ways insurgents love to fight and conventional armies hate. In practical terms, that means more Taliban enlist in the Afghan Army and wait for the chance to mow down the Western soldiers who are supposedly their buddies. Or more Taliban go home and wait until we lose interest and go home, then dig up their buried guns and go stomp their less-militant neighbors. Or, worst and most likely of all these scenarios, more Taliban forget about chancing a firefight and stick to IEDs.

According to the U.S. Army’s own newspaper, the Army Times , IEDs now account for 75 percent of American casualties in Afghanistan.

Most of our GIs are not dying or being wounded in the kind of firefight the XM25 is designed to win. They’re dying in a much nastier way: getting blown up by remote control while they patrol rural Afghan dirt roads.

And unfortunately, the only effect a gee-whiz weapon like the XM25 is likely to have is raising that figure closer to 100 percent.

Gary Brecher is the author of The War Nerd . Read more of His work at eXiledonline.com .

© 2010 Independent Media Institute. All rights reserved.
View this story online at: http://www.alternet.org/story/149146/

How To Get The Opal Fruit On Poptropica

What was April 7

* Summoned by Gasparri awkwardly yesterday, it's nothing to be proud
* In the section of the Paduan first trial directly led to the acquittal of all defendants on January 30, 1986 (almost seven years after the arrests)

December 20, 2010 Filippomaria Pontani

Yesterday Mr. Gasparri, in his zeal to prevent riots similar to those of the last 14, has pleaded against the creators and sponsors of student protest measures that follow those of the April 7, 1979 (indeed, he said in 1978, but the captain slips at all). These assertions of some importance, because - this is a curvature of the latest government propaganda, which is interesting in the recent utterances of Mr. prodrome. La Russa - call for police operations aimed at channeling or suppress some manifestations of dissent, according to a practice not yet applied (or at least not openly apply) during the long years of Berlusconi's hegemony. The repudiation of violence we all agree: the most important is to understand what we're talking about.

This is not intended to express political opinions (or even less historical) on eras and events that the writer has not experienced directly, merely to see the signs and memories and faces on the streets of cities and people knew, deep in the Northeast. Moreover, the "climate", the 'atmosphere of the time "et sim., Entities are difficult to communicate or to play, and as such are exposed to all sorts of manipulation involved, from both sides. Here the idea is to provide in a half-page summary of what was really the Seven in April, in the hope that others share (with me but also with Amnesty International, who worked on the case) the impression that it was time for a little light of our recent history, or rather the outcome of a theorem of investigation and prosecution built specifically to eliminate voices of dissent that (oddly enough, even then) harbored at universities and in the debate civil and cultural life of the time: we talk about the Workers' Party Autonomy, Autonomy of the newspaper, radio Sherwood, the information campaign against the nuclear industry, the discussions on the ecology and Vajont scientific studies (international recognized) on the social and political transformations of Italy and Europe, a dimension of "teaching part" radically new to the academy at the time. Who wants to better document can read the booklet published in 2009 by manifestolibri:

process April 7. Padova thirty years later - Voices of the city "worthy" , where you will find not only the testimonies of survivors, but also those of judges like John Palombarini current or aspiring terzopolisti as Massimo Cacciari.

On March 21, 1979 was inaugurated the policy application of the crime of "association to commit crimes, "usually reserved for investigations of the Mafia: The prosecution on the basis of a few days later (April 7 in fact) the prosecutor Pietro Calogero Padua promulgated 21 arrest warrants for key representatives of workers' power, including many teachers the Faculty of Political Science (so-called "bad teachers", there were also a Physics and Engineering), was to have "organized and directed an association called the Red Brigades, set up with an armed paramilitary organization and provision of weapons, ammunition and explosives, in order to promote the armed insurrection against the powers of the state. " Among the charges in the most important and striking against Toni Negri (the most prominent of those arrested) there was to be are calling the RB during the Moro kidnapping. Other arrests occurred in the remaining months of 1979, from June to December, and again in 1980. In all, the defendants were sentenced to nearly 300 years of preventive detention.

The trial, due to interference with the investigations on the BR, it was partly transferred to Rome. The allegations of Calogero, but received in the Roman trial of first instance in 1984, fell almost entirely in the appeal of 1987: there remained, argued on the basis of very dubious case, the 12 years for Toni Negri (at first instance were 30: Negri, of course, went to exile in France, whence he returned to serve the remainder in 1997) and other convictions for alleged minor offenses. In the section of the Paduan first trial directly led to the acquittal of all defendants on January 30, 1986 (almost seven years after the arrests) among the co-defendants were also acquitted you of Peter Greek (known as Pedro), who in the meantime March 9, 1985, on the run, was killed in Trieste by officers of Digos and SISDE. The collapse of the so-called Calogero theorem "and finally was further established by the judgments in the Court of Appeal of Venice in March 1988.

Features of April 7 will was - relatively new at the time - shame the media: newspapers are not spared headlines such as "discovered and arrested the killers of Aldo Moro," and sopirono a leap reminiscent of the murder of Pecorelli few weeks earlier; few were those who remained lucid, among them some of the Manifesto, and in the Republic, the only Giorgio Bocca. The rest is - as now with the politician mentioned in the opening - rather than to the realm of the grotesque: the photomontage, the clumsy attempts to remove the alibis, the phonic unlikely expert on the calls of the Moro's captors (you'll discover a posteriori that the voice Valerio was to Morucci), mediocrity professional performers and judicial police.

not want to fail to mention here some impairment of certain fringe Autonomy Padua with violence (or supported proletarian expropriations were made in supermarkets, and other actions could be discussed), or you want the absolute silence - and judicially proven - differences of similar actions isolated in the plane of "armed insurrection against the powers of the state" assigned to the BR. You do not want to omit a tribute to the role of the Communist Party, who worked actively to damnatio of all those who acted on his left, especially in a city as Padua, where the ferment autonomist clearly undermined the political space that the PCI felt as their own. You do not even want (or even in the slightest) to suggest that everyone should be grateful theoretical development of the autonomy of Padua, whose sudden death has left highways open to ideological drift that often denounce: the ideas, of course, each is also free to disagree so on, and analysis of Toni Negri (taken up all over the world by the movement of "no-global") will convince some and horrified others is that it is so sacrosanct.

Here we only want to point out that a State that invokes the mouth of his government (even if in the name of higher principles) the recurrence of enforcement action based on allegations that have been widely and consistently proven to be false or misleading, and that in the rush to find culprits claimed many innocent victims of de facto (or alien to their charges alleged) can not be said a fully fledged free.

Link:

http://www.ilpost.it/2010/12/20/cosa-e-stato-il-7-aprile/

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